Frivolity of Evil Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frivolity of Evil Article Review - Essay Example Evil is unforced and spontaneous (Dalrymple, 3). Men commit evil by choice and not because someone requires them to do so. A historical proof of this dates back in the 1930s when a man was found guilty of failing to report a political joke to authorities and eventually confronted with the consequence of death or deportation. Today, there is no rule such rule that exists and the government does not require citizens to behave in a particular way. Therefore, evil is freely chosen by the individual. He has the choice to do it or not.Evil is unforced and spontaneous (Dalrymple, 3). Men commit evil by choice and not because someone requires them to do so. A historical proof of this dates back in the 1930s when a man was found guilty of failing to report a political joke to authorities and eventually confronted with the consequence of death or deportation. Today, there is no rule such rule that exists and the government does not require citizens to behave in a particular way. Therefore, evi l is freely chosen by the individual. He has the choice to do it or not. The evolution of government from dictatorship to people welfare-centered further intensified the existence of evil. In this case, Dalrymple used data from his patients to justify his claim. Majority of his patients often went to him with complaints of depression. As Dalrymple believe, everybody has their free wills. Your emotional state does not depend on doctors or any pathological advisers but to your choice of living a life full of happiness or misery.

Importance of Children in Foster Care Homes Thesis Proposal

Importance of Children in Foster Care Homes - Thesis Proposal Example This time, however, one of the peasants jumps up and begins to run away from the shore. His friend, horrified, rushes after him shouting, â€Å"Where are you going? Aren’t you interested in saving this child?† The departing peasant looks back and replies as he rushes away. â€Å"I can’t sit idly by and watch the destruction of one child at a time. I am going upstream to find the root cause, what’s at the heart of this unfortunate situation.† Introduction Children in foster care homes have been separated from their parents and families over a period of time. There are various factors that contribute for children being in foster care homes. Some of the factors are poverty, violence and abuse in the home, the death of parents, armed conflict or natural disasters. Separated children are not a homogenous group. Separation comes in many different forms. Children in foster care homes can be categorized according to the factors that may have caused their se paration. Some examples are: children who have been orphaned, especially those orphaned by HIV and AIDS; children who have been separated for the purposes of exploitation; child refugees who have been separated from family by armed conflict; and children with a disability placed in institutional care. There needs to be more focus on children living in foster care homes by providing safe, permanent, nurturing families within the child's community. Children being separated from their parents are an important issue because it can affect a child's survival and development. Very young children are especially vulnerable, with 0-3 years old facing increased risk of mortality if they lose their mothers (UNICEF et al 2006). The sexual abuse and early sexual activity associated with some forms of separation, such as early marriage or trafficking into prostitution, exposes children to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and girls to the risks associated with early pregnancy (Pinheiro 2006) . Children living on the streets and children who have been in conflict with the law have been noted to engage in risky activities which expose them to HIV infections. Orphans are also more at risk of STIs than non-Orphans. Violence, abuse and neglect suffered by separated children can threaten physical health and chances of survival. The abuse, neglect, exploitation and loss often associated with separation can also cause major mental health problems. Researchers suggest high levels of anxiety and depression amongst orphans with 12% stating that they sometimes wished they were dead (UNICEF et al 2006). It has also been reported that a staggering 1 in 10 young people living in the foster care homes commit suicide (Pinheiro 2006). There is widespread evidence that children who are denied a loving, continuous bond with a parental figure suffer major developmental setbacks. Background and significance There are over 500,000 children in the United States that have currently resided in s ome form of foster care. Placements in foster care have dramatically increased over the past 10 years. Despite the increasing numbers, children in foster care and foster parents are mostly invisible in the communities and often lack many needed supports and resources. Majority of children that are separated from their parents are unable to receive an adequate education. Children in foster care homes lag behind their peers on every measure of educational opportunity. The numbers include a 23 percent dropout rate compared with 9 percent of the general student population, half in special education compared with 12 percent, and 52 percent reading below grade level compared with 38 percent. In addition, only 3 percent of foster children obtain a Bachelor's

Human Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

Human Growth and Development Essay Four phases of development Early Childhood Early childhood describes the years from ages two to six. During early childhood, the body no longer grows at the rapid pace that it did during the first two years of life. On average children add two to three inches in height and about 5 pounds in weight each year (Berk, 2006). The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the size of the skeleton and muscular systems as well as some body organs. Consequently, posture and balance changes that support gains in motor coordination. Cognitive development – Children begin to make gains in tasks that depend on the frontal cortex and language skills and motor coordination increase at an astonishing rate. Children begin to gain the ability to control impulses. During the early school –age period, children are constructing a broad overview of how their interpersonal world is structured and where they fit in. They are devising a scheme for self in society. Because children’s life experiences are limited and they are still highly impressionable, the nature of this initial worldview as likely to be very compelling, permeating their outlook in the years ahead. Handedness The period of middle and late childhood involves slow consistent growth. This is a period of calm before rapid growth spurt of adolescence. Among the important aspects of body change in this developmental period are those involving the skeletal system the muscular system and motor skills. Motor Development During middle and late childhood, children’s motor development becomes much smoother and more coordinated. Children’s center of gravity begins to shift and they become more steady on their feet making it easier to balance and complete tasks such as throwing, hitting, catching, hopping, and jumping. Gross Motor As children move through the elementary school years they gain greater control over their bodies and can sit still and pay attention for longer periods of time. However, elementary school children become more fatigued from longer periods of sitting than by more physically active skills. Fine Motor Fine motor skills too take a giant leap forward in the preschool years (Berk, 2006). As young children gain control over their hands and fingers they begin to show success in putting puzzles together, building small blocks, cutting and pasting. Middle School Age Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional Development Social Development Adolescence Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional Development Social Development Early Adulthood ages 18-40 For most people earl adulthood involves a common set of tasks: leaving home, completing education, beginning full-time work, attaining economic independence, establishing a long-term sexually and emotionally intimate relationship and starting a gamily (Berk, 2006). Emerging adulthood is a new transitional phase of development extending from late teens to mid twenties. During this period most people have left adolescence but are still some distance from taking on adult responsibilities. Rather they explore alternatives more intensely than they did as teenagers prolonging identity development. Physical Development Once body structures reach maximum capacity and efficiency, biological aging or senescence begins genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our specials (Cristofalo et. al, 1999). Many factor contribute to biological aging.

Don Bosco :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John was born in 1815 in Recchi, Italy. When John was two, his father died prematurely. As a boy, John lived on a farm with his family doing the only thing they knew how, farming. Poverty and a lack of formal education in the home did not stop the growth of John Bosco as a person. His mother was for real, realizing the importance of God in life (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath- boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Getting a formal education was a constant struggle for John. The family finances being what they were, his brothers felt that he was wasting time, energy, and money and that it would be better for all if he stopped going to school and worked on the farm, earning money (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath- boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At age nine John had a dream in which he saw himself changing children from beasts into lambs. He decided immediately to become a priest and devote his life to children, and began at once. He haunted every circus and fair; learned to walk tight-ropes, do acrobatics, and become a conjurer at the cost of an often broken nose (http://users.erols.com/saintpat/ss/0131.htm#john). He must have understood physical fitness for as a youngster he was known and respected as the town's acrobat and juggler. Many would assemble to witness his tricks. He was then able to provide fascinating entertainment that would end with the rosary and a verbatim repetition of the previous Sunday's sermon. What was amazing is the fact that before any performance he would ask his audience to join him in prayer. God was his friend This friendship with God became powerful and slowly John prepared for the priesthood (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath- boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1841 at the age of 26, John was ordained priest. He was now ready to make his contribution toward the poor and homeless (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath-boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While in Turin, the rejects of society appealed to him. His awareness of what could be in them motivated him to commit his work and style of living to the building of people. His life is unbelievable as his burning love brought him to hospitals and prisons, to the troubled and the dying. His ministry forced him to beg for jobs for the boys he was helping, visited private homes, taught night classes, heard confessions, and celebrated the Eucharist. His life was deeply questioned by his confreres. He was deeply disturbing the establishment and efforts were made by the authorities to have him committed to a mental asylum.

Birthday Party

A birthday is a very wonderful day. Everybody likes to celebrate it. It is a good opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives. My 17th birthday party last year was a really memorable occasion. I celebrated it at home in the evening. All my friends came and we had a lot of fun. Preparations began a day before the celebration. My mother and I cleaned the house. Many delicious dishes were cooked, the rooms were decorated with balloons and steamers. In the morning of birthday party day my father went shopping and bought everything we needed.All the invitations were sent one week before the celebration. In the morning on my birthday my parents put the presents near my bed. So, the first thing I saw when I opened my eyes was my presents. My mom and daddy and my little brother came to my room to congratulate me and to sing ? «Happy Birthday? ». By the evening food was cooked, the table was laid. We put on evening suits and dresses and waited for the guests. The flat looke d nice and cosy. I was very glad to meet my guests. I got a lot of flowers, presents and Birthday cards.We had an abundant dinner on this day. My mother bought in the birthday cake and I blew the candles out. We danced and sang songs, played games and laughed, Joked, told funny stories, listened to the music. I think that my birthday is one of the best days in a year. The entire evening was a huge success and everyone agreed that we had a lot of fun. It certainly was the best party I have ever had, because of the great pleasure it gave me to see so many of my friends and relatives together in the same place. I think I shall remember my party for a long time to come.A birthday is a very wonderful day. Everybody likes to celebrate it. It is a good opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives. My 17th birthday party last year was a really memorable occasion. I celebrated it at home in the evening. All my friends came and we had a lot of fun. Preparations began a day befor e the celebration. My mother and I cleaned the house. Many delicious dishes were cooked, the rooms were decorated with balloons and steamers. In the morning of birthday party day my father went shopping and bought everything we needed.All the invitations were sent one week before the celebration. In the morning on my birthday my parents put the presents near my bed. So, the first thing I saw when I opened my eyes was my presents. My mom and daddy and my little brother came to my room to congratulate me and to sing ? «Happy Birthday? ». By the evening food was cooked, the table was laid. We put on evening suits and dresses and waited for the guests. The flat looked nice and cosy. I was very glad to meet my guests. I got a lot of flowers, presents and Birthday cards. We had an abundant dinner on this day.My mother bought in the birthday cake and I blew the candles out. We danced and sang songs, played games and laughed, Joked, told funny stories, listened to the music. I think tha t my birthday is one of the best days in a year. The entire evening was a huge success and everyone agreed that we had a lot of fun. It certainly was the best party I have ever had, because of the great pleasure it gave me to see so many of my friends and relatives together in the same place. I think I shall remember my party for a long time to come. Birthday Party By marusks05

Things Fall Apart A Great African Tragedy - 1727 Words

Peter Thomas Mid-Term Paper English 3510 10-12-17 Things Fall Apart: A Great African Tragedy Tragedy is not new to Africa, precolonial, colonial, or postcolonial. Despite this, the continent of Africa and the countries within are not known for tragic literature. If any single work can make African literature, especially African tragedy stand out, Things Fall Apart can. Things Fall Apart fits the genre of tragedy due to Okonkwo’s role as a tragic character. He exhibits all of the traits of the tragic hero laid down by Aristotle – he has hubris, excessive pride, he has hamartia, making serious errors in judgment throughout the text, and he experiences a massive reversal in fortune, partly due to his own actions and flaws, and partly due to†¦show more content†¦He always said whenever he saw a dead man’s mouth he saw the folly of not eating what one had in one’s lifetime. Unoka was, of course, a debtor and he owed every neighbor some money, from a few cowries to quite substantial amounts.†(p.4 ) In the text Okonkwo is determined not to carry on his father’s legacy. He is a successful wrestler and a yam farmer, traits the Igbo people, his tribe, found admirable. Despite his achievements, his life is dominated by the fear of becoming like his father. He wants so badly to perpetuate the image he wants for himself that he shuns anything he sees as weak or feminine. This overcompensating behavior is violent and erratic which makes him a danger to his family. This hubris is what will ultimately lead Okonkwo to his downfall. Compare Okonkwo to Oedipus, one of the most famous tragic characters in history. Oedipus, like Okonkwo, is a man of action. Having saved Thebes from the curse of the Sphinx, Oedpius is quickly appointed their king. Similar to Okonkwo, who lives in fear of becoming like his father, Oedipus lives his life in fear of an old prophecy, that he will marry his mother and wed his father. In many ways, Okonkwo’s father’s legacy becomes Okonkwoâ⠂¬â„¢s prophecy. He is so focused on distancing himself from his father that he dooms himself to fate. Both characters take swift action, often out of pride, and in these are the actions in which their fates are sealed, condemningShow MoreRelatedAfrican Politics: No Longer at Ease by Obi Okonkwo Essay874 Words   |  4 Pageswhere he declares: â€Å"It is evident almost from the beginning of No Longer at Ease that Obi is not of heroic nature and that his tragedy will not be a falling in full battle but rather it will result from an inability to face up to that battle. He never rises to greatness; he only sinks further and further from it, succumbing to what he has labelled the sin of the old African† (qtd. in Asong 167) (SEE â€Å"UNDERSTANDING T.F.A.† p9 ) See the novel and globalization culture p140 See the ch ach encyclopediaRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. Chinua Achebe presents Okonkwo as a particular kind of tragic protagonist, a great man who carries the fate of his people. Okonkwo is a man who is inflexible andRead MoreEssay about An Analysis of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart1631 Words   |  7 Pages Chinua Achebe is well known as the father of African literature. His first novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† is an interesting story full of tragedy, which takes place in Umuofia, Nigeria in the 19th century. Achebe sought to correct European writers who were misrepresenting Africans and life in Nigeria. According to Nnoromele (2000), the Igbo clan is a self-sufficient, complex, and vigorous group of African people. Achebe wrote â€Å"Things Fall Apart† to accurately represent the conflict between Nigeria’sRead MoreChinua Acheb is a Great African Author986 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebe is one of the great authors hailing from the African continent. He has published a number of novels and is widely praised for creating a new genre of African literature. His debut, and most famous novel, Things Fall Apart, has never been out of print, sold more than twelve-million copies, and been translated into over fifty languages (â€Å"Chinua Achebe† The Economist). The characters in the novel are purely fictional but the traditions and struggles faced by the characters are those ofRead MoreAfrican Literature : Colonialism And Communal Disintegration947 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Literature: Colonialism and Communal Disintegration In the eyes of many Africans, colonialism have been seen as a wretched, forceful, and brutal integration into their lives, lands, and culture. During the late 17th and 18th century, European imperialist countries pursued lands to great ends such to be seen as a powerful country. Africa was seen as a popular option, as massive droves of colonists poured into the untapped and pristine, yet unprepared country. However, this aggression andRead MoreAnalysis Of Chinua Achebe s The Flies 1483 Words   |  6 Pagesattributed to their different motives in writing. As aforementioned, Achebe was seeking to remind his peers of the value of anchoring the values of government in the morality of traditional rural life, whereas Dangarembga was seeking to build a place in African literature where young girls could find themselves. As described in an interview, Tsitsi talks about why she created characters which young girls could identify with. In the interview Dangarembga describes having felt a l ack of both familial and ZimbabweanRead More Essay on Dignity of the African People in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart785 Words   |  4 Pages Dignity of the African People Conveyed in Things Fall Apartnbsp; nbsp; In Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart, it is shown that the African people had their own complex culture before the Europeans decided to pacify them. The idea that the dignity of these people has been greatly compromised is acknowledged in the essay The Role of the Writer, which is explanatory of Achebes novels. A writer trying to capture the truth of a situation that his readers may know little or nothing aboutRead More The Character of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe Character of Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart What makes a successful man? This, in itself, is a culture bound question because it can vary from culture to culture. However, in the perception of Okonkwo, the main character in Chinua Achebes novel, Things Fall Apart, the measure of a mans success is based on two elements, material acquisition and growth, and physical prowess. This is ironic for Okonkwo since his peoples typical idea of success seems to be constructedRead MoreWhat Drives a Man1606 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Drives A Man What makes a successful man? This, in itself, is a culture bound question because it can vary from culture to culture. However, in the perception of Okonkwo, the main character in Chinua Achebe s novel, Things Fall Apart, the measure of a man s success is based on two elements, material acquisition and growth, and physical prowess. This is ironic for Okonkwo since his people s typical idea of success seems to be constructed of a complex, strong spiritual culture, seeminglyRead MoreThings Fall Apart- Achebe1000 Words   |  4 PagesAn African Tragedy In Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo is a tragic hero. Aristotle’s Poetics defines a Tragic Hero as a good man of high status who displays a tragic flaw (â€Å"hamartia†) and experiences a dramatic reversal (â€Å"peripeteia†), as well as an intense moment of recognition (â€Å"anagnorisis†). Okonkwo is a leader and hardworking member of the Igbo community of Umuofia whose tragic flaw is his great fear of weakness and failure. Okonkwo’s fall from grace in the Igbo community

Applying a business risk audit to intercontinental hotel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1780 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Risk is inevitable in any business or entrepreneurship. When a business is launched, then some positive outcome is expected; yet there are always chances for negative results. The purpose of this assignment is consider the ways of forecasting and identifying risk and managing it, i.e. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Applying a business risk audit to intercontinental hotel" essay for you Create order reducing or eliminating possible risks or finding ways for an entity to revive from the damage brought about by risks as soon as possible. All the above mentioned is subject of audit also considered in this assignment. InterContinental Hotel Group is chosen as the object for auditing internal and external business risks. Audit is generally defined as: an examination and verification of a companys financial and accounting records and supporting documents by a professional, such as a Certified Public Accountant; an IRS (Internal Revenue Service) examination of an individual or corporations tax return, to verify its accuracy (Investorwords.com). Risk is commonly interpreted as the deviation of the anticipated results of future events which can affect the value of the latter. The term audit risk implies the possibility of the audit procedure resulting into an inappropriate conclusion or opinion on the financial statements. These can be neglecting discrepancies with an officia l standard, especially the ones containing a material misstatement, or recognition of an error when actually there is any (). One should differentiate between audit risk and business risk. Business risk relates to the loss which organization might sustain if it does not achieve its goals and objectives. It is essentially the potential cost incurred if the business does not achieve its strategic plans (Swanson, n.d). In many entities the assessment and management of business risk has developed into formalized enterprise risk management, or ERM. Audit risk relates to whether the procedures of internal and/or external audit achieved their objectives successfully. Traditionally, audit risk has been interpreted as strictly the risk of incorrect audit conclusions (). Nowadays, however, the concept tends to be extended to deal with more aspects, e.g. mistakes or inefficiency of internal audit. Swanson puts an equal sign between business risk and enterprise risk and refers to COSOs definition of the latter term. According to it, ERM is a process, effected by an entitys board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risks to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives (Enterprise risk management 2004, p. 6). ERM is conducted entity-wide and implies identification, investigation, quantification, response and monitoring of outcome of potential event. As a rule ERM is executed by internal auditors who report to managers or in many organizations directly to the board of directors. The procedure is designed to provide management of business risk and assure that decisions concerning reducing the risk are taken on daily basis. ERM is based on a principle that every entity exists to provide value for its stakeholders (FAQs, 2006; Internal control, 2006). COSO describe s the following stages in the ERM process: internal environment, objective setting, event identification, risk assessment, risk response, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring (ERM, businessdictionary.com, n.d). From the above-mentioned we can conclude that internal auditing and business risk are closely interconnected. At that the former should facilitate the latter. Generally audit resources should be applied at the areas of greatest business risk. Audit risk is an integral element of business risk as mistakes and failures in the very process of audit would inevitably lead to failure in managing business and therefore enhancing value. 2. Brief overview InterContinental Hotel Group is an example of great interest as for risk management among international hotel companies. IHG is the largest hotel company in the worlds offering more than 650ÂÂ  000 rooms, having more than 130ÂÂ  000ÂÂ  000 stays annually and running over 4500 hotels across over 100 countries across the globe. The major factor to establish peculiarities of risk which this company faces is that does not own by operates hotels. Is performs three basic types of business activities: a) franchising; b) managing; c) owning and leasing of hotels. Over 3ÂÂ  800 hotel are operated by the company under franchise agreements, 628 hotels are managed and only 16 hotels (which is less than 1 % of hotels the company deals with) are owned by the company. (Operating and financial review, 2006). So the major source of income for this company is franchising which means that the companys activities refer to intellectual property and branding rather than capi tal investment. Generally franchising is designed to avoid liability and expenses for material property. Therefore, risks connected with material capital do not affect directly the company while the risks relating to branding and intellectual property i.e. business schemes and development are of paramount importance. Franchising implies that franchiser (whose functions are performed by IHG) guarantee success of conducting business to franchisee (its client), i.e. sells a successful business model and takes part in organization of correct implementation of the aforementioned business strategy. Thereby one the main risks to threaten the company is failing to produce or implement a business model or a strategy or making a mistake in management. If a company, which works for itself, neglects some kind of risk, incurs financial losses or even goes bankrupt, it can restore it function by means of state loan or simply amending of dramatically changing its ways and policies of conducting business. Yet if a franchisee of IHG incurs losses due to inefficiency of a business schedule suggested by IHG, it shall dramatically affect the reputation of the latter. Thus other franchisees shall stop trusting the company and this can lead to breaking of a number of franchising contracts This is why IGH pays particular attention to risk management, carefully elaborates risk persist schemes and controls their implementation within its structural divisions. 3. Risks Facing the Company There are a number of challenges faced by companies which conducting risk audit. Firstly, it is not easy for them to obtain substantial resources necessary for desirable segregation of duties. Secondly, managers domination can result into considering the unattained objectives to be attained. Finally, there is a problem of recruiting personnel with ample financial and administrative competencies. It is hard to switch from running the business to taking critical management. Limited technical resources impede maintaining general and application controls over computer data-bases and information systems (Internal control, 2006, p. 4 -5). Yet there are many examples of actual companies to have transformed these challenges into the principles they support. Rittenberg outlines four crucial components of risk relating to conducting an audit. They are business risk, financial reporting risk, engagement risk and audit risk. Business risk is a risk which influences operations and potential outcomes of entitys activities (****, p.122). Financial reporting risk refers to the recording of transactions and the presentation of financial data in financial statement of an organization. Engagement risk is encountered by auditors being associated with a particular client, whose outcome can be of damage to auditor company reputation, inability of the client to pay to the auditor, impediment of audit process by a dishonest manager. All four types of risk are interdependent. Business risk and financial risk emerge with the audit client and its environment, virtually shaping the two other types of risk. The result of risk management processes often determine further existence of a company or audit firm. The book suggests issuing an audit opinion on companys financial statements or on the effectiveness of its internal accounting controls as ways to minimization the auditors risk (****, p. 121 122). External risks InterContinental Hotel Group is exposed to many risks both internal and external. First and foremost is competition. Companies offering the same type of services can reduce the amount of clients. Also the availability of instructions and the development of IT technologies can affect the number of clients as they may well find the information needed for conducting successful business for much more attractive conditions. Changes in legislation also play an important role for the maintenance of the Groups business. The situation becomes more complicated as IHG is an international company so the Board and staff should follow and consider the changes in legislation of many countries at once as well as the international legislation and policy (e.g. signing of international MOUs, treaties, etc). To reduce this risk the company follows the upcoming event on the international agenda, makes correspondent investigations when contracts are concluded with representatives of new countries, follows changes in legislation of partner countries, hires or uses consultation of international policy leaders, amends their brand business strategies as to satisfy legislation of a given country, promotes its own business technologies so as to influence the way of business management or even impose its own ways. Sometimes it is hard to resist this risk as politician and third parties who promote their own interest interfere in this sphere. Also there is always a threat of international conflicts, civil unrest and similar phenomena. Also great many factors influence international and national legislation such as economy, politic situation (inside the country as well as in the world), natural disasters, demography and ecology. The company therefore conducts investigations in each of the mentioned spheres and employs respective specialists. It contributes to ecological projects (global and national) and pays attention to insurance. The almost worldwide business has the advantage that if there is a downfall in one region, a rise is likely to be in another, yet there might be general downfall of world economy. Internal risks Some franchisees may have interest with would contradict the general policy if the group e.g. companies would not like or participate in projects connected with brand improvement. Also there can emerge internal clash of interest: some companies within the Group might desire the same things and be engaged into aggressive rivalry. To avoid these risks (which are internal) the company undertakes preliminary actions: enquiry into the strategies and interests of potential franchisee, including respective restrictions into franchising contract (that it is compulsory for this particular franchisee to participate in branch improving measures), the Group tends to provide strategies in such way that they reduce rivalry among franchisee companies (suggests alternative business schemes which imply different target submarket or category of services etc). Identification, retaining and adding new franchisees is no guarantee for the company as well. Recruiting and retaining skillful personne l as well as perfecting their skills is one of major concerns of the company and is also associated with risk. Significant risk refers to maintaining reputation of companys brand as well as protection of intellectual property. Generally the company employs a developed system of strategies which provides successful business for the company as a unity and each particular division. 4. Risk Audit 5. Risk Assessment 6. Risk Strategies Summary and Conclusion